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Umbilical hernia
Congenital umbilical hernia is a congenital malformation of the navel (umbilicus). Among adults, it is three times more common in women than in men; among children, the ratio is roughly equal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=eMedicine - Abdominal Hernias : Article by Eustace S Golladay )〕 It is also found to be more common in children of African descent. An acquired umbilical hernia directly results from increased intra-abdominal pressure caused by obesity, heavy lifting, a long history of coughing, or multiple pregnancies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Umbilical hernia: Causes - MayoClinic.com )〕
==Signs and symptoms==
A hernia is present at the site of the umbilicus (commonly called a navel, or belly button) in the newborn; although sometimes quite large, these hernias tend to resolve without any treatment by around the age of 2–3 years. Obstruction and strangulation of the hernia is rare because the underlying defect in the abdominal wall is larger than in an inguinal hernia of the newborn. The size of the base of the herniated tissue is inversely correlated with risk of strangulation (i.e. narrow base is more likely to strangulate).
Babies are prone to this malformation because of the process during fetal development by which the abdominal organs form outside the abdominal cavity, later returning into it through an opening which will become the umbilicus.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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